Description

Tank level point detection

Requirements

  • Risk of overfill or dry run
  • Ensure continuous supply of crude oil or refined product

Description

Custody transfer measurement of crude oil or refined product

Requirements

  • High accuracy measurement of valuable products
  • Need for diagnostics to ensure measurement accuracy

Description

Flow measurement after pipeline pump stations

Requirements

  • Process control and pump optimization
  • Probability of swirls and distortions through pumping

Description

Tank level measurement

Requirements

  • Control of the tank farm
  • Inventory measurement

Description

Pipeline management

Requirements

  • High sensitivity monitoring of transmission pipelines
  • Batch tracking, scheduling and monitoring of pipeline tightness and lifetime stress
  • Retrofit onto existing pipelines or tailor-made technical solutions

Description

Supervisory and validation software

Requirements

  • Visualisation and monitoring of critical processes
  • Control of reporting, trends and alarm handling
  • Statistical evaluation of measurement data

Description

Metering control cabinets

Requirements

  • Integration of flow computers, PLCs, supervisory computers and printers
  • Installation of single flow computers up to fully redundant cabinet
  • Complying with custody transfer requirements

Description

Sampling and analyser systems

Requirements

  • Measurement of oil and refined product quality
  • Fully automated sampling during loading and unloading
  • Measurement of water content in oil

Description

Provers and master meters

Requirements

  • Fully certified according to local and international metrology requirements
  • Lowest possible measurement uncertainty
  • High reliability and low maintenance

Description

Custody transfer metering systems

Requirements

  • High-accuracy measurement of volume and quality of oil and refined products
  • Traceable to international standards
  • Complying with custody transfer requirements
  • Master/duty configuration with flowmeter diagnostics

Description

Flow measurement during gas odorization

Requirements

  • Injection of odorant in natural gas
  • Indication of the flow of chemicals
  • Ensure continuous injection

Overview

Crude oil and refined product pipeline in the oil & gas industry

Separate recording of flow systems

Large diameter pipelines offer the most efficient way to transport oil products to and from a refinery. Crude oil can come directly from the production location, or from the tank farm where it arrived by ship. Pipelines are also used to transport the resulting refined products to another tank farm, which is typically close to the refinery, but could be up to several hundreds of kilometers away.

The pipeline operators are not necessarily the owners of the product inside the pipeline. There are for example companies that transport crude oil from a sea harbour terminal to several different inland refineries located along their pipeline system. This makes accurate measurement of what enters and leaves the pipeline of key importance. In addition the operator needs to have an effective pipeline leak detection system for security and safety. The suppliers of the product, and their customers, need to measure what is delivered into the pipeline, and what the customer receives. Inaccurate measurement cannot be tolerated, as relatively small errors might have large financial implications, so the highest accuracy custody transfer pipeline metering systems are used.

The flow measurement systems at the inlet and outlet points of a refinery usually consist of multiple (duty) meter runs in parallel: each meter run has two separate flowmeters to provide two separate records of any delivery, as a cross-check. Additionally there can be a master-duty Z-configuration of the pipework, and/or a prover installation, to enable in-line verification of the duty meters. Such custody transfer systems are usually supplied as a complete skid, which can also include items such as degassers and an analyzer or sample grabber.

KROHNE has a vast experience with measurement systems for crude oil and refined products. The product range starts from Ultrasonic and Coriolis flowmeters specially developed to meet the high accuracy needed for custody transfer duty, up to fully engineered metering skids and analyzer houses. For the tank farm control system KROHNE supplies radar level transmitters and high and low level switches: in addition the PipePatrol system provides a pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flow lines.

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